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Short Blogs
Explore the latest blogs from the International Collaborative Network for N-of-1 Trials and Single-Case Designs. Discover news, insights, methodological perspectives, event highlights and developments from across the N-of-1 and single-case design community. New posts are added regularly and featured in the ICN newsletter.


N-of-1 Trials: When is ethics approval needed?
Learn when N-of-1 trials require ethics approval and explore the key factors that distinguish routine clinical care from research, including a practical framework to support ethical decision-making.


Accelerating therapy development, application, and evaluation for individuals with rare genetic diseases
Rare diseases demand new ways of generating evidence. Learn how the Emma Center for Personalized Medicine is using single-case experimental designs and N-of-1 trials to accelerate the development, evaluation and implementation of personalised therapies.


N-of-1 trials and single-case experimental designs in physiotherapy for musculoskeletal conditions
How can physiotherapists determine what works best for an individual patient? This article explores how single-case experimental designs can support evidence-informed, patient-centred care and highlights key recommendations for designing and reporting rigorous SCEDs.


Single-Case Studies as a Hot Topic in Pain Research: A Conference Review
Single-case experimental designs took centre stage at the 12th European Pain Federation (EFIC) Congress, highlighting their growing role in chronic pain research and personalised care. Read the key highlights.


Brave New World of Health Care Consumerism, N-of-1, and Character of Health Type
As healthcare becomes increasingly personalised, digital technologies and N-of-1 approaches are reshaping how individuals manage their health. Explore the future of precision medicine and patient-centred care.


Implementing Single-Case Designs in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Trials
Discover how single-case designs can strengthen complementary and alternative medicine research by supporting personalised care while addressing challenges such as slow treatment effects and washout periods.


Who Will Benefit from Which Diet: Can N-of-1 Studies Fill a Gap in the Care of Adult PKU?
Authors: Maria Depenweiller, Kathryn Moseley, Kirsten Ahring, Ash Morgan Chambers & Annie Prince In phenylketonuria (PKU), a rare condition, deficient metabolism of phenylalanine to tyrosine disrupts blood-to brain transport of large neutral amino acids (LNAAs). LNAAs compete for brain influx, dependent on blood concentrations which can be manipulated by diet. Higher blood phenylalanine in PKU produces excessive brain entry at the expense of tyrosine and other LNAAs. Without


Will the Real Mr. Average Please Stand Up?
Authors: Anne MacGregor & Alec Mian We can easily recognize the face of someone we know from thousands if not millions of other humans....


N-of-1 Trials are Valuable Scientific Methods for Personalised Medicine
N-of-1 trials are one of the few research methods that can determine whether a treatment works for an individual. Discover why they have a broader role in personalised medicine than is often recognised.


Creating Evidence from Real World Patient Digital Data
Authors: Jane Nikles, Eric J. Daza, Suzanne McDonald, Eric Hekler and Nicholas Schork The number of published N-of-1 articles has doubled...


N-of-1 Trials in Practice: A Training Program for Complementary Medicine Practitioners
Dr Joanne Bradbury and Professor Sandra Grace discuss a training program for complementary medicine practitioners


Progress Towards Priorities for the International Collaborative Network for N-of-1 Trials and SCDs
Describes progress towards priorities for the ICN


Visualization of Individual Data: A Powerful Tool in Personalized Medicine
Authors: Kenneth Shulman, Amparo Casanova & Marina Vives-Metres


Going Paperless: How Digital Technology Can Shape the Field of N-of-1 Trials
Authors: Samuel Tan, Farhad Fatehi, Steve Donoghue and Sandy Bodner


N-of-1 Trials in CAM: The New Frontier for Generating Practice-Based Evidence?
Authors: Dr Joanne Bradbury, Prof Sandra Grace and Dr Cathy Avila A system of healthcare that does not recognise traditional...


The Rare Disease Registry and Analytics Platform: Paving the way forward for N-of-1 trials
Authors: Dr James McGree and Samuel Tan Progress towards a global rare disease registry An MTPConnect funded project is currently...


Is There a Role for N-of-1 Trials in Nutrition Research?
Author: Dr Veronique Chachay As a key component of evidence-based healthcare, nutrition research provides insight into a number of...


Evaluation of a Physical Activity Intervention for Individuals with Whiplash Associated Disorders
Authors: Dr Carrie Ritchie, Dr Kelly Clanchy, Dr Sean Tweedy, Dr Melissa Day, A/Prof. Jane Nikles, Prof. Robyn Tate, Prof. Michele...


Using N-of-1 Trials to Identify Responders to Melatonin for Sleep Disturbance in Parkinson's Disease
Study in progress! Authors: Dr Jane Nikles, A/Prof. John O’Sullivan, Prof. Geoff Mitchell, Dr Alex Ritchie, A/Prof. Simon Smith, Dr Hugh...


Effect of mexiletine on muscle stiffness in nondystrophic myotonia: aggregated N-of-1 trials
Full title: Effect of mexiletine on muscle stiffness in patients with nondystrophic myotonia evaluated using aggregated N-of-1 trials: a...


10 key take-home messages from an expert workshop on single-case methodology
Author: Dr Suzanne McDonald Single-case (or ‘N-of-1’) methodology provides researchers and clinicians with a flexible and rigorous...


Personalised treatments for acute whiplash injuries: A pilot study
Authors: Dr Jane Nikles and Sherin Jacob Study summary WORK IN PROGRESS! We are applying Bayesian modelling of prior data for a...


A spotlight on… Associate Professor James McGree
I’m James McGree, an Associate Professor of Statistics at the Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia and the ICN...


A Rationale for N-of-1 trials
Author: Samuel Tan Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) first rose to prominence in the mid-20th century, heralded as a systematic, rigorous and efficient alternative to case studies and physician testimonials. The initial breakthroughs were numerous – streptomycin for pulmonary tuberculosis, heparin for atherosclerosis – and RCTs rapidly grew to their current position as the pre-eminent study design in medicine. Nonetheless, RCTs are not without their weaknesses, many of whic
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